The Acceptance Of Transgender Service Members - 1652 Words

Throughout centuries of generations, there have been many changes that have influenced sexual tolerance. Sexual tolerance is defined as â€Å"the acceptance of multiple sexual orientations and lifestyles, generally accompanied by the appropriate legal and civil rights† (Urban Dictionary, 2009). Though there have been improvements in tolerance, there are still many different views on the recent policies, laws or social trends occurring towards sexual and gender orientation. Every aspect of society, from the Department of Defense to local school departments, are beginning to adapt to this growth in gender identity and orientation. An article published by the New York Times (Rosenberg, 2016) addresses an uprising policy on the acceptance of†¦show more content†¦Many individuals were highly gracious at this idea, no matter the negativity that surrounds this topic. When referencing to the article by the New York Times on Ashton Carter’s announcement, he states †Å"Americans who want to serve and can meet our standards should be afforded the opportunity to compete to do so. After all, our all-volunteer force is built upon having the most qualified Americans† (Rosenberg, 2016). The article’s point of view perceives an appreciative tone towards the U.S. military members and how much they sacrifice. For their sacrifices, the government is willing to help formulate policies that can open doors to a new tolerance and acceptance towards sexual identity. Through my discovery of this change in policy, I realized how much this will help not only the individuals who are suffering from this condition but it will help the companionship of the military. I struggle with being completely open with my fellow service members because of the tension there was on the topic of sexual identity. After hearing the statements made by both the Secretary of Defense and the Defense Secretary, I felt like I am part of a whole different world now that there is an understanding of the struggles and tolls taken to maintain personal happiness in such a demanding career. Having higher authorities who are able to implement policies amongst the U.S. government who have vital points of views on this controversialShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On The Lgbt Community965 Words   |  4 Pagessystem, many despaired populations have several health disparities as well, meaning they are at a disadvantage when attempting to access proper healthcare. One population in specific that is despaired due to many components is the Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, and Bisexual community, commonly referred to a LGBT. This population is mixed with individuals of various race, gender, income and many other qualities and was created due to sexual orientation. 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The Rhetorical Analysis Of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.

While sitting in a jail cell, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. uses this time of reflection to write a letter to the 7 white church leaders in the south in rebuttal to their recent criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement. The letter comes after the recent protest in Birmingham, and the criticisms of his work form the Southern leaders. King crafts his argument in a cause and effect style to illustrate the direct problems or criticisms, and refutes these claims with substantial support in favor of his movement. He builds his persuasive argument through ethos and logos, to present the validity of the cause, and then he calls for reflection from the church leaders. While his tone does not stroke any of the leader’s ego, he appeals to their†¦show more content†¦King argues that â€Å"oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever† and when he addresses his complaints, he is dismissed as an extremist (6-7). By using comprehensive facts to refute the criticisms, logo s builds King’s argument against the church leaders, and advocates for the need for a change in mindset. Although pathos takes the background in this piece, it is due to the disconnect between the church leaders and the black experience. King does not attempt to describe how racism feels because the white men have no idea, or sympathy, towards the people. King knows his audience, and discerns that this type of argument would not be effective. Instead, he uses facts and situations to create an emotional bridge between him and his audience. MLK draws on his own experience when he has â€Å"seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4). The explicit situations of brutality strike a nerve with even the hardest audience, and the emotion proves that the violence is not an overreaction. Another way King uses pathos is through likening his work as well as the injustice of laws to other prominent groups to make the reader predetermined into thinking a certain way about the subject. To discredit the claim that his protests are illegal, he juxtaposes the situation through a forensic argument that â€Å"everything Hitler did in Germany was ‘legal’ and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Letter from Birmingham Jail Brief Analysis850 Words   |  4 PagesJail’ Rhetorical Analysis Martin Luther King Jr., the leader of the Civil Rights Movement, was arrested and placed in Birmingham jail after leading a non-violent march to protest racism in the streets of Alabama- a highly segregated state at the time. There he received a newspaper containing â€Å"A Call for Unity,† which was written by eight white Alabama clergymen criticizing King and his movement’s methods; this prompted King to write a letter in response to the critics. 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Defending Liberal Arts Essay Example For Students

Defending Liberal Arts Essay Anger stands s a lone crusader against an onslaught of misconceptions. for one agree with and applaud his effort, although he could use some additional support in presenting some of his counter arguments. Anger first battles the misconception of the value in a liberal arts degree for first-generation, lower income college students; these degrees are for the elite upper-class. As nag

Strategic Marketing Management and A Study On Emirates Group

Questions: 1.1 Discuss the principles of strategic management and the role of strategic marketing management in Emirates Group.1.2 Explain the processes involved in strategic marketing. Illustrate your answer with examples from Emirates Group.1.3 Evaluate the links between strategic marketing and corporate strategy. Give examples of how marketing strategy is influenced by corporate strategy in Emirates Group?2.1 What are the different tools and models used in strategic marketing management? Explain them and assess the value of models used in the strategic marketing planning of Emirates Group? Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. 2.2 Discuss the links between strategic positioning and marketing tactics. In what way are the tactics related to the strategic positioning used by Emirates Group?2.3 Analyse the merits of using relationship marketing in a given strategic marketing strategy of Emirates Group. 3.1 For the selected organisation, what are the growth opportunities? Use appropriate marketing techniques to ascertain growth opportunities in a market. 3.2 What are the different marketing strategy options available to this organisation? Plan how to use the marketing strategy options in a market?3.3 Create appropriate marketing objectives for the marketing plan, based on your research of the organisation and the selected market. 4.1 Based on your research of the current external environment, report on the impact of changes in the external environment on a marketing strategy for Emirates Group.4.2 Conduct an internal analysis to identify current strengths and weaknesses in a marketing strategy as applied to the Emirates Group. 4.3 What are the key local, national or global emerging themes affecting the organization? Propose strategic marketing responses to key emerging themes in a marketing strategy. Answers: 1.1. Principles of Strategic Management and Role of Strategic Marketing Management in Emirates Group The concept of strategic management emerged in 1970s and in the present dynamic business environment importance of strategic management has been increasing rapidly (Viljoen and Dann, 2003). Strategic management activities include development, communication as well as implementation of the strategic plan. Strategic management is consisted of five important constituents: vision, objectives, strategy, implementation and rectification. The principles of strategic management focus on considering different parts of an organization as whole. Strategic management considers the external environment of a firm and it focuses on gaining the competitive advantage. The vision of an organization helps in indicating potential of the company and the states which are desired to achieve in future. Therefore, the objectives are set which needs to be achieved by the company. The next step of the strategic management of the company is to develop strategy which will help in meeting the objectives (Hunger a nd Wheelen, 2000). Strategic management of an organization is responsible for designing a plan for implementing the strategies. Therefore, it monitors the planned activities so that the achievement of the goals is ensured. The corporate strategy has a significant correlation with the strategic marketing strategy of the firm. It has been found that the marketing strategies are the integral part of the corporate strategy in order to achieve the organizational objectives (Anderson and Vincze, 2004). Strategic marketing is one of the most critical business functions of Emirates Group. Emirates group is a large organization and a significant organization in the travel, tourism and leisure industry. Presently, it has fifty business units along with associated companies and it is primarily based in UAE. The employee base of the company is greater than 62,000. Emirates airline is one of the leading global airlines and it is one of the key division of the group. Dnata is associated with offering services in the field of IT solution, travel, cargo, ground handling and flight catering (Theemiratesgroup.com, 2015). From the annual report of the firm it has been found that the company has been able to continue its growth over the years. The revenue of the company has increased by 13.4% and the operating profit is improved by 50.1%. In 2013- 2014, it was estimated that the capacity of the airline has enhanced by 32% and the profit margin has been increased to 3.9% from 3.1% in the previous year. These figures clearly indicate that the company has been able to manage its marketing activities efficiently for achieving consistent growth (Emirates United Arab Emirates, 2014). The strategic marketing in the Emirates group is responsible for determination of appropriate pricing strategy, product strategy, marketing communication strategy, customer relationship management process for ensuring growth in spite of the global challenges(Fernando, Mat Saad and Sabri Haron, 2012). Strategic marketing has focused on integration of promotional activities through adoption of the social media. The positive economic benefits of the company are attributed to the strategic marketing management of the Emirates Group (Chernev, 2012). 1.2. Procedures Involved in Strategic Marketing Strategic marketing is a systematic approach that focuses on the designing strategies for the organization in order to ensure successful achievement of the organizational objectives (Viljoen and Dann, 2003). The procedures involved in the strategic marketing management can be discussed by studying the procedures in case of the Emirates Airline, key division of the Emirate group. Vision and Value Analysis: The first step of strategic marketing is to analyze the mission statement of the organization for analyzing the purpose of existence of the company. Emirates Group has significantly focused on the business ethics as the foundation of their success. The company has been providing care to the customers, employees, shareholders along with the community and environment (Jeffs, 2008). The company is committees for achieving highest standards in every aspect of operational activities. Additionally, it has been identified that the company has been emphasizing on maintain the global reputation for excellence in the industry. This clearly implies that the products and services of the company need to be differentiated, upgraded on order to retain the industry leadership in the global market (Anderson and Vincze, 2004). Situation Analysis: The next important step of the strategic marketing procedure is the analysis of situation. Various strategic management tools are used by the management of the organization for analyzing the situation. In case of Emirates group, the management may use SWOT analysis for getting a preliminary overview of the internal situation through identification of the major strengths and weaknesses of the company along with the external situation through identifications of the opportunities as well as threats. Additionally, Porters five forces analysis can be conducted through getting an insight regarding level of competition, condition of the suppliers, customer analysis etc. PESTEL analysis is useful for analyzing the macroeconomic environment of the organization. It helps in analyzing the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. PESTEL analysis is effective in order to determine business integration in new nation (Jeyarathnam, 2008). Situational analysis help s the company to recognize the factors which are important to consider at the time o development of marketing strategies (Capon, 2008). Setting Objectives: One of the most important processes of strategic marketing management is to set marketing objectives which is aligned with the corporate objectives, values and mission of the company. In case of Emirates Group, extensive importance has been given to set SMART objectives for a particular period of time(Henry, 2008). Development of Strategy: Strategy development is one of the most important aspects of strategic management. In case of Emirates group, the company considers the implication of vision and value analysis, situation analysis for development of the appropriate marketing strategy. Development of the marketing strategy ensures that the strategic goals set by the organization are met effectively (Jeyarathnam, 2008). Evaluation: The set of strategies are implemented in different levels of the organization. These strategies are expected to deliver the desired outcome and hence, needed to be monitored (Jeffs, 2008). Therefore, one of the important responsibilities of the strategic management department of Emirates Group is to evaluate the strategies in order to finds its effectiveness for the company and relevance to the pre-determined objectives (Clark, 2000). 1.3. Links between Strategic Marketing and Corporate Strategy and Influence of Corporate Strategy on the Marketing Strategy of Emirates Corporate strategy is considered to be the base of all other plans or strategy of the organization. It is evident that the strategic marketing activities have a significant association with the corporate strategy of the firm. Corporate strategy is developed on the basis of the vision, mission, values, culture and goals of the company. The functional strategy of the organization focuses on development of strategies related to finance, marketing, research and development, information technology, operations, human resource etc. All the functional strategies are developed for meeting the organizational objectives and aligning with the corporate strategy of the organization. Corporate strategy is the foundation of all the business strategies including the marketing strategy of the organization. Often the strategic marketing coincides with the corporate strategy for meeting the organizational objectives through marketing activities. The corporate strategy develops a generalized plan for th e growth, development and future prospect of the company. On the other hand, strategic marketing uses various tools such as marketing mix, growth plan, customer relationship management etc by conforming to the organizational values to achieve the corporate objectives (Ungson and Wong, 2008). In case of the Emirates group, corporate strategies are found to be developed at the strategic level of the company. The corporate strategy of Emirates Group has extensively focused on the growth and profitability. Additionally, it ahs focused on the determination of the organizational structure, managing the gearing ratio effectively and enhancing the value of the shareholders. Additionally, corporate strategy focuses on diversification, acquisition, merger, implementation of new technology, optimization of the cost for improving the overall profit margin of the organization (Heracleous, Wirtz and Johnston, 2004). On the other hand, the marketing strategy of the Emirates group has extensively emphasized on the development of efficient plan in order to sell the services of the company. First of all, emirate group considers the marketing mix and develops strategies for each element such as product, price, place and promotion. Marketing strategy is responsible for identification of the target market and presenting the product to the target audience for meeting the expectation of consumers. Pricing strategy determines the appropriate pricing technique so that the sales can be maximized. For example, during the lean season and advanced booking to a less demanded destination, Emirates offer huge discount seasonally (Park, Qu and Lee, 2011). Additionally, promotional strategies of Emirates group play a major role in communicating with the target market. Lately, it has integrated its promotional mix to the social media such as Face book, twitter etc. Appropriate implementation of the corporate strategy is dependent on the success of the functional strategies. Hence, the marketing department of Emirates has huge responsibility for ensuring the achievement of the corporate goals through implementation of the corporate strategy of growth (Mellahi, Frynas and Finlay, 2005). Emirates are planning to continue its growth through international business integration. For succes sful business integration of Emirates, effective marketing strategy is essential for influencing the purchasing decision of the target market (Kotler, 2000). 2.1. Different Tools and Models in Strategic Marketing Management in Emirates Strategic marketing management utilizes various tools as well as models for designing appropriate strategies for achievement of the corporate strategies. Porters Generic Strategy, Porters Five Forces Model, Boston Consulting Group Matrix, SWOT Analysis etc are the common tools used by various organizations in order to develop effective strategy for marketing to achieve the corporate goals. In case of Emirates Group, it is important to utilize various strategic marketing tools for developing new strategies for achieving sustainable growth across the globe for long term. Therefore, the strategic models need to be applied as well as the results will be used for designing, implementation as well as monitoring of the strategies. This section will focus on discussing the implication of different strategic models that are important for conducting strategic marketing activities in order to compete in the dynamic business environment. First of all, SWOT analysis is considered to be one of the important tools which provide a preliminary idea regarding the potentials, drawbacks, growth opportunities and threats for the company. It is very important to conduct SWOT analysis regularly for identifying the major strengths of the company that can be capitalized for enhancing the sales of the company. Additionally, the identified weakness of the firm such as low presence in the airline market of United States and employee relations are needed to be revised (Anderson and Vincze, 2004). Additionally, emirates get a chance to identify the major opportunities that will support the growth objectives of the company. SWOT analysis will clearly indicate the threats so that the company can develop effective marketing strategies for combating with the threats (Capon, 2008). Porters five forces analysis is important for determining the marketing mix strategies as it significantly helps in the position of the suppliers, strength of the customers, level of competition etc. while integrating the business activities of Emirates in an international market, the marketing strategy is based on the results of the porters five forces analysis. When it is found that the market rivalry is high, Emirates has to focus on adoption of competitive pricing strategy and offering differentiated service. It has been found that the airlines market is continuously growing and becoming more competitive. Hence, it will be reflected in the market strategies of the company. Porters generic competition model will be important as it will assist in identification of the appropriate strategy that will help in competitive advantage in the dynamic as well as competitive market. The product and pricing strategy of Emirates will be assisted by the utilization of the Porters generic strategies tool. On the basis of the corporate strategy of the company, it can identify the best strategy among cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and focused differentiation (Chernev, 2012). Emirates have adopted use of balanced scorecard for measuring the performance of the marketing strategies adopted by the company. This helps in identification of the major issues in the strategy as well as marketing performance of the organization (Drucker and Maciariello, 2008). Thus, application of various strategic tools significantly contributes in the strategic marketing management of Emirates. 2.2. Links between Strategic Positioning and Marketing Tactics Positioning is an important marketing activity that will help in identification of the market opportunity of problem and therefore development of a solution on the basis of extensive market research, market segmentation along with supporting evidences (Kotler, 2000). Strategic position is the position that is selected by the organization for meeting the marketing as well as corporate objectives. Positioning statement is formulated so that clearly state that the major purpose and key benefits of the product to the customers. Effective brand positioning is considered to be an important aspect of marketing communication (Park, Qu and Lee, 2011). Strategic positioning has significant association with the marketing tactics for every organization seeking growth. The strategic position clearly states the current as well as future position of the company. Therefore, it significantly influences the techniques for market analysis, selection of marketing strategies, methods of implementation of strategies as well as monitoring. The position statement of an organization is extensively associated with the marketing tactics that will ensure achievement of desired growth (Warren, 2008). The link between strategic positioning and marketing tactics also holds in case of Emirates Group. The position statement of Emirates group is The Finest in the Sky. The long terms objective of Emirates Airlines is to carry about 70 million passengers to greater than 180 destinations by utilization of an advanced fleet of more than 300 aircraft. The major responsibility of the strategic management is to develop effective marketing plan that will be helpful in meeting the goals. It has been anticipated that the demand will grow across the globe. It has been found that Emirates collect relevant information as well as analyze it for supporting the growth plan of the company (Capon, 2008). The strategic position of Emirates has significant influence on various marketing tactics. The positioning strategy of the company is based on the internal growth plan; strategy for market penetration, development of products has significant correlation with the marketing tactics in Emirates. It has be en found that the product strategy is an important aspect of marketing tactic which develop plan for the type, range and quality of the product. On the basis of the positioning statement of Emirates, the marketing tactics empathizes on providing superior service in comparison to its competitors. Additionally, the branding strategy of Emirates is significantly dependent upon the positioning statement. The leading airline brand has been focusing on the offering high quality service to its customer in order to achieve high level customer satisfaction as well as customer loyalty. It will also help in supporting the growth objective of the company. Additionally, the pricing and promotional strategy, terms of delivery, logistics management etc (Park, Qu and Lee, 2011). 2.3. Analysis of Merits of Using Relationship Marketing in Emirates Customer relationship is considered to be one of most important corporate strategies for achieving long terms growth in the competitive market. Relationship management is an effective strategy for managing the relationship with customers. It is associated with the direct response of the marketing campaigns that focuses on the retention of the customers by meeting the expectations of the customers. This concept pays less attention to the sales transaction and prioritizes the customers satisfaction so that customer loyalty can be achieved (Kothandaraman and Wilson, 2000). The corporate strategy of Emirates has suggested that it will focus on broadening the customer base for enhancing the revenue. Hence, it becomes very important to attract more number of customers as well as retain the customers (Chernev, 2012). It must be noted that the major aim of the relationship marketing is to develop effective strategies for retaining the customer base for supporting long terms growth of the org anization. If the traditional transactional marketing approach is adopted by Emirates, it may attract significant number of customers but fail to retain them. Hence, relationship marketing has significant implication for Emirates (Weinstein, 2000). In Emirates, relationship marketing is based on the principles of customer experience management. It emphasizes on enhancing the interactions with customers in order to foster improved brand loyalty. The business communication channels are evolving and it has a significant impact on the relationship marketing of the Emirates Airlines. Presently, Emirates has a particular database for managing the customer relationship. Knowledge-driven in-Flight Service (KIS) helps in running the flight which is run during the flight for maintaining the profitable lasting association with the clients through delivery of satisfaction. This system will help to keep a track of the customers previous trips. This database will help to know about the personal preference of the passengers regarding seats, wine and food. The gathered data is extracted for offering better service to the customer (Weinstein, 2000). Additionally, Emirates has significantly focused on gathering relevant information regarding the customer expectation (Bennett and Barkensjo, 2005). These data re analyzed for using enhancing the quality of service and making significant changes in the marketing strategy. Hence, it can be inferred that the decision making process of Emirates is significantly dependent on the relationship marketing (Emirates, 2012). The relationship marketing in Emirates has enabled the organization in providing more customers centric as well as personalized service to the passengers. As relationship marketing strategy of Emirates has emphasized on catering the needs of the customers, it can be stated that relationship marketing has extensive contribution in delivering superior service to the customers for meeting their expectation (Cravens and Piercy, 1994). Consequently, it has been found that the relationship marketing will effectively retain large number of customers in Emirates. Additionally, the frequent flyer program of Emirates has been an important part of the relationship marketing. The crew of the airlines tends to invest more for the loyal customers enrolled in this program for delivering personalized service. The relationship marketing of Emirates has significantly emphasized on the up grading the customer service for achievement of the business growth objective of the organization. Thus, the relati onship marketing of Emirates has been providing significant strength to the organization for meeting the corporate objectives (Firdaus and Kanyan, 2014). 3.1. Growth Opportunities of Emirates Opportunities The Emirates Airlines of UAE is strategically targeting the African market in the upcoming decades. This will help the organization to grow by 40%. According to Sir Tim Clark, President of Emirates Airlines, this focus would help to create a Dubai Hub Africa. The reason behind tapping this market is that the Dubai Government recognized that the African market is still an untapped market in Africa and Emirates Airline can instrumentally support the regions growth. The fleet investment of Emirates in Africa tops around $7billion with operating costs of around $2billion. It presently operates in 10 different destinations. The Emirates group is currently focusing on increasing the commitment and investment in Africa. The group is planning to add up around 10 more destinations in the coming decades and have planned to add 8.5million seats in the African market. Further, the geographical location gives the African travelers an opportunity for short times of traveling. By 2020, the group ha s decided to reach out to 1.5million visitors every year. Emirates have decided to channel traffic through its Dubai Hub. According to the survey of Sabre, there are 1185353 estimated bi-directional OD passengers from UAE who are demanding Emirates flight (Maslen, 2013). Source: (Maslen, 2013) Marketing Techniques As far as the impact of environmental factors remains constant the position of Emirates Group would remain constant. The growth advantage can be determined by the scale or size, the competitors differentiation and also booming trading names. For being a successful organization, the Group needs to focus on the tactics and strategy that work well in harmony for providing best possible level of return surrounded with efficiency. Both tactics and strategy should be designed based on the situational environment. The firm needs to consider more than the business structure, it additionally needs to take a fitting position inside the business. This situating will focus the game changer a firm can have, specifically minimal effort or separation against focused degree at the wide or restricted business sector (See below figure) Source: (Mindtools.com, 2015) The positioning of Emirates in the expense authority quadrant is attained to not just through economies of scale in examination, advancement and advancement additionally through learning, information and involvement underway and operational methodologies and in addition the way it deals with its establishments. 3.2. Different marketing strategy of Emirates There are various marketing options for Emirates to grow in the African market. The BCG Matrix (Boston Consulting Group) as shown below is one of such options that would help to create as strategic view of their business that can be utilized in various decision making aids. Source: (Valuebasedmanagement.net, 2015) In the event that the right choice is made and the products services chosen attains to a high market share, it turns into a star. Stars have high market share in high-development markets. Stars create expansive money streams for the business additionally obliges huge integrationtures of cash to maintain their development. Stars are frequently the focuses of expansive consumptions for publicizing and innovative work to enhance the products services and to empower it to build a prevailing position in the business. Cash cows are specialties units that have high market share in a low-development market. These are generally products services in the development phase of the products services life cycle. They are normally entrenched products services with wide shopper acknowledgement, so deals incomes are generally high. The technique for such products services is to put minimal expenditure into keeping up the products services and redirect the substantial benefits created into produ cts services with all the more long haul profit potential, i.e. starts and question marks. Dogs are organizations with low piece of the overall industry in low-development markets. These are generally cash cows that have lost their market share or the question marks the organization has chosen not to create. The prescribed system for this business is to discard them for whatever income they will produce and reinvest the cash in more appealing business (stars and question marks) (Goel, 2009). Having utilized the Boston Consulting Group framework above, it ought to likewise be noted that the BCG network experiences constrained variables on which to support asset allotment choices among the organization making up the corporate portfolio. The BCG grid is best utilized, then, as a starting point yet surely not as the last determination for asset designation choices as it was maybe initially expected for Emirates business position (Iatrou and Oretti, 2007). 3.3. Marketing objectives of Emirates The strategies help the organization to underpin its success. Strategists have a huge measure of both scope and obligation in creating and adjusting the vital choices of an association. The incalculable choices needed of these directors can be overpowering considering the potential outcomes of mistaken choices. One approach to manage this unpredictability is through categorisation; one categorisation plan is to arrange corporate-level method choices into three separate sorts or terrific systems. These fabulous techniques include endeavours to extend business operations (development methods), diminish the extent of business operations (conservation procedures) or keep up the present state of affairs (soundness methodologies). All the more particularly, development techniques are intended to grow an association's execution, generally as measured by deals, benefits, item blend, market scope, piece of the pie or other bookkeeping and business sector based variables. Regular development techniques include one or a greater amount of the accompanying: With a concentration strategy the firm endeavours to attain to more noteworthy business infiltration by getting to be exceedingly effective at adjusting its market with a constrained product offering. By utilizing a vertical integration technique, the firm endeavours to grow the extent of its present operations by undertaking business exercises earlier performed by one of its suppliers (backward integration) or by undertaking business exercises performed by a business in its channel of dissemination (forward integration) (Shaw, 2011). A diversification strategy involves moving into distinctive markets or adding diverse products to its blend. On the off chance that the markets or products are identified with existing item or administration offerings, the method is called concentric diversification. On the off chance that development is into services or products disconnected to the company's current business, the enhancement is called conglomerate diversification (Hoffman, Bateson and Hoffman, 2006). Further, the marketing mix concept is a timeless technique that the Emirates need to focus on for categorising different strategies. By concentrating on the service marketing mix, Emirates can reap and adopt different strategies. Failing to adhere to this concept may become a huge failure or disaster for the Emirates. This service marketing mix is the activity that helps the organization to deliver, communicate and create customer value. The marketing mix mainly consists of 4Ps Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Since marketing is a very sophisticated stream, the service industries have further added physical evidence, process and people. Thus Emirates need to focus on all the 7Ps of service (Sharma, 2008). Product: Emirates has always been focusing on offering the latest technologies and best quality services to the customers. This helps the travellers the ability to receive and send mails and also SMS messages from different class. Price: Emirates focuses on premium pricing strategy that mainly provides high pricing strategy than others. However, Emirates need to keep in mind that the service or the product they are planning to provide should understand the worth that the customers are ready to provide. In Africa, as it is developing country there is a need of low-pricing strategy as the customers as quite price sensitive. This would help the organization to generate more revenue from this market (Loudon, Stevens and Wrenn, 2005). Place: Emirates have around 122 branches apart from UAE that gives excellent services to the customers. In this way creating helping centers in Africa can help to capture the customers. Emirates Airlines also has an online website that consists of 9 different languages targeting different nationalities. Promotion: For advertising, Emirates can advertise their services and products in newspaper that can mostly attract the segment and also in cheap magazines. Billboards are also one of the best advertising tools that can help to attract people from everywhere. People: Emirates Airlines Management needs to promote common goal to all the employees. This would help to make an efficient team working collaboratively towards the goals of the organization. Through this the management can focus on the needs of the employees and also the customers. This would help to sustain in this competitive world (Parry, 2005). Process: the services of Emirates Airlines mainly emphasizes on the operation departments like Business and First Class Lounges, then special services like helping unaccompanied minors or the disable passengers. Further to maintain good relation with the customers, Boarding services, Check-in and the Baggage services in Airport helps to maintain relationship with the customers. Physical Evidence: The Airlines of Emirates mainly emphasizes on reducing the emission of carbon dioxide due to burning of fuel. Emirates Airlines is focusing on how to decrease the emission and make an ecological friendly environment. Thus they are utilizing less resource and thus developing less pollution and waste. 4.1. Impact of Changes in External Environment on the Marketing Strategy of Emirates External environment of a business has significant potential to influence the business activities of an organization. The wave of globalization has influenced various organizations to integrate their business operation into the international market. In this case, analysis of the external environment is given extensive importance (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2005). Business strategies for international market are developed on the basis of the analysis of external environment. Additionally, it has been found that the external environment is dynamic and various components of the environment changes with time. The company needs to keep an eye on the changes in the external environment as it will influence the marketing strategies of the company (Henry, 2008). In case of Emirates various external factors have significant potential to reorient the marketing strategies. Emirates Airline is present in 40 countries and the external environment is different for each of the nations. First of all, if there is a change in the legal framework and regulation relevant to the business operations of Emirates, it may affect the cost of service which will affect the marketing strategy of the organization. Economy of the nation plays a major role in determination of the marketing strategy of Emirates. If it is observed that a nation is encountering economic downturn, Emirates must consider it for re-formulation of the marketing strategy. In difficult times, Emirates need to decline the price for making it affordable for the present market situation. Additionally, the company can adopt some cost cutting strategy for offering discounts (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2005). Though social factors play a major role in determination of the marketing strategies, it must be noted that social changes do not take place suddenly. However, in order to deal with social changes, Emirates need to reformulate their product as well as promotional strategy on the basis of changing demand as well as psychology of the customers (Park, Qu and Lee, 2011). Technology has an important influence on the development of marketing strategy especially in case of place and promotional strategy. It has been found that the along with the advancement of technology the marketing strategy of Emirates need to be changed. (Kotler, 2000) For example, increasing dependence on web technology must be capitalized for communicating with the target audience. Emirates have been present on the popular social media sites for networking with the social media users. It has been using social media for undertaking promotional activities. Additionally, the online booking has provided greater convenience to the customers (Jung, 2014). Competition is one of the important elements of the external environment for developing the marketing strategy of Emirates. If there is a change in the level of competition, Emirates need to change the marketing strategy. For instance, if the level of competition enhances, the company needs to differentiate its products as well as pricing strategy needs to be changed in order to increase the customer base even in the competitive market. Hence, it can be concluded that the external environment has significant influence on the marketing strategy of the company (Mellahi, Frynas and Finlay, 2005). 4.2. Internal Analysis of Marketing Strategy of Emirates for Identification of Strengths and Weaknesses Marketing strategy of an organization has major role to play in ensuring success of the firm through achievement of corporate objectives. The marketing strategy changes over time and it is very important to identify which strategy needs to be changed and why. Hence, analysis of the marketing strategy of Emirates will be helpful in identification of the strengths as well as weakness of the marketing strategy of the company. The strength of the marketing strategy will be capitalized and on the other hand, weaknesses of the strategy will help in the improving the marketing strategy that will ensure achievement of the corporate objectives of Emirates. Strengths of the Marketing Strategy: The marketing strategy of Emirates has been significantly focusing on the need and expectations of the customers in terms of product quality. This has significantly helped the organization in assessing needs of the customers and therefore changes the product strategy accordingly for catering the customers (Dalrymple and Parsons, 2000). It has been found that this strategy is very useful in attracting as well as retaining the customers. The marketing strategy of Emirates has adopted relationship market to manage customer relationship in an efficient manner. The Knowledge-driven in-Flight Service (KIS) and frequent flyer program of Emirates has focused on maintaining database of their customers. It has helped in keeping a track of their customer preferences for personalized services. The marketing strategy of Emirates has adopted effective promotional strategies for reaching the target market. Emirates have been utilizing the social media networks for promotional activities. It is a major strength for the organization (Winer, 2000). Weaknesses of the Marketing Strategy: Though the marketing strategy of the company has been found to be effective in achieving the organizational goal, weakness is recognized which is important for improving it. The pricing strategy of Emirates has been found to be premium pricing strategy. Hence, it cannot be afforded by huge number of customers. The company must consider that the competition in the airline industry is growing across the world. Hence, it is important to change the pricing strategy for addressing number customers. It has been found that the company has been emphasizing on enhancing the customer base. Hence, in order to achieve this objective the pricing strategy must be changed. The advertising strategy can also be changed for attracting the more number of customers (Kansu and Mamuti, 2013). 4.3. Local, National, Global Emerging Themes Affecting Emirates and Marketing Strategies for Responding to those The company has to pay significant is based in United Arab Emirates. It has been observed that the nation has been encountering significant growth opportunities. It is important to analyze the emerging themes for responding to it by reformulation of the marketing strategies. UAE is becoming the international business hub and the business tourism has enhanced in UAE. The company must focus on development of innovative marketing strategies for capturing the growing number of international customers. Additionally, it has been found that increasing number of competitors have been intensifying the level of rivalry in the airline market (Hunger and Wheelen, 2000). It is evident that Emirates is one of the leading airlines of the world. However, it must consider the new competitors for development of the marketing plan. It needs to be noted that the presently Emirates has been planning to enhance its customer base across the globe. In United Kingdom, the company has a significant market bas e and operating successfully over the years. The marketing strategy of the company needs to be changed along with the present economic condition of United Kingdom. In the Asian market, Emirates airline has been operating successfully. Additionally, it has been reported that the company is experiencing significant growth in Australian market. Moreover, Emirates has focused on exploring the Australian market through making significant investments. All these international activities will be affected due to the global emerging themes. Extensive growth in number of the internet users and dependence on web has enabled the customers to access the global airline market. They also get a chance to compare the services, price and values offered by different airline service provider before making purchasing decision (Doyle, 2000). Hence, Emirates need to reformulate their marketing strategy for achieving sustainable growth in the international market (Mellahi, Frynas and Finlay, 2005). Another important emerging trend is globalization. Various organizations across the globe have been focusing on integrating its business activities to the foreign countries. This trend also holds in case of airline industry. Consequently, the competition in the international market has been intensifying. It has become important to consider the international player and their presence in the international market for designing the marketing strategies(Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2005). It must be considered that the marketing strategies of Emirates must be competitive as well as growth oriented. Additional emphasize must be given on the attracting more number of customers as well as retaining those in order to achieve the objective of enhanced customer base. Additionally, it has to focus on adoption of effective promotional strategies in order to communicate with the target market regarding their quality of service, discounts, key features and benefits of the service etc (Drucker and M aciariello, 2008). Additionally, the company must focus on adoption of competitive pricing in order to achieve sustainable growth in the increasingly competitive market. References Anderson, C. and Vincze, J. (2004).Strategic marketing management. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Bennett, R. and Barkensjo, A. 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